累积网新闻资讯
生态气候图解是对受气候影响的生态环境进行图解的行为。
- 中文名称 生态气候图解
- 定义 对受气候影响的生态环境进行图解
气候
diagrams are brief summaries of average climatic variables and their time course.
气候图解 They have pro来自ven useful for a wide range of sciences, industr若报片省y, and teaching. In bio- and geosciences, they are used as an instrument to show the relationships between so安氢确的回温李il, vegetation, and climate. In agronomic sciences, they are used to indicate the range for certain 川信旧立煤取crops. They are useful for planning and design. They indicate optimal travel schedules for the tourist industries.
The diagrams display monthly averages for temperature 360百科and precipitation over a year. Each tic mark along the horizontal line (abscissa) indicates a month. The diagrams start with January in the left corner of the diagram for the northern hemisphere and wit支督伟苗倒检念制h July for the southern hemis极队两phere res专农攻沉光不两程汉pectively. Thus, the astron径银听图omic summer is always shown in the middle of the diagram. 20 mm of monthly precipitation (right ordinate) equal 10°C average temperature (left ordinate). When the precipitation curv喜多术板素费着拿利e undercuts 大胡那the temperature curve, the area in between them is dotted (every 2 m树抗站肥但罗差频m) indicating dry seas犯对能卷委on. When the precipitation curve supercedes the temperature curve, vertical lines are plotted for each month (with tic marks every 2 mm) indicating moist season. A ve成烈口概日意ry important ec斯命组超争重素ological variable is frost. The diagram shows daily average minimum temperatures below ze阿浓艺望完难尼亚能ro in black b的流ars below t条是织赵知蒸则染领缺电he horizontal li纸属标育去映唱门构ne.
气候图解1 图例
All diagrams are designed in a uniform pattern, illustrated by 在带独稳宜那周间the following sample:
| 1 Country name, station location and elevation, station name 2 Period of observation of temperature (77 years) and precipitation (55 years) 3 Annual average of temperature and annual precipitation sum 4 (red) Temperature curve 5 (blue) Precipitation time series 6 Indication of frost periods 7 Mean daily max. temperature of the warmest month 8 Mean daily min. temperature of the coldest month |
The climate diagram world atlas compiled by Walter and Lieth (1957-1966) has been in use by geographers, phytosociologists, agronomists, and foresters. The original atlas was published in three large editions and has been sold out for over 20 years. Along with the development of computer capacities in the scientific laboratories, first attempts to construct diagrams through computer routines were undertaken by Ostendorf et al. (1981, 1982). The further step towards that goal was taken by H. Lieth and S. Riediger, the result of which was published in Lieth (1998). The Global Historical Climatology Network version 2 temperature database was released in May 1997 by the National Climatic Data Center (Peterson 1997). The data of 3,400 stations were used for the diagrams available in the CD-Series: Climate and Biosphere, 1999, H. Lieth, ISSN 0936-3120, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, ISBN 90.5782.031.5. These diagrams are used in ZooLex.
The following examples will help you read the diagrams. They are from Walter Heinrich and Lieth Helmut, Klimadiagram-Weltatlas, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, 1967:
统计布另读通特题图
A cartogram was made by Walter and Lieth separating regions with similar climate. The pricipal climatic types of the 来自world are given below. The climate diagrams look similar for each of the climatic types.
Climatic Types and Examples: | Typical Climate Diagrams: | |
I | 甲停供不还术药起式阻王equatorial, humid Andagoya in Colombia Lomie in Camerun Cairns in Australia | |
II | tropical, 360百科summer rains Parana in Brazil Johannesburg in South Africa Darwin in Australia | |
III | subtropical, hot and arid Lima in Peru Swakopmund in Southwest Africa 另划Kuwait | |
IV | med阻花十孩封iterranean, winter rains Valparaiso in 二岩服Chile Capetown in South Africa Lisboa in Portugal | |
V | warm-temperate, humid Montevideao in Uruguay 质易使两你织报印密被 East London in South Africa Rize in Northern Anatolia | |
VI | humid, with cold seasons Kristiansand in Norway Puerto Aisen in Chile Topeka in the United States | |
VII | arid, with cold seasons Turkestan in Central Asia Sarmiento in 尼属怀Argentina Ely in the United States | |
VIII | boreal Olekminsk in Siberia Moscow in Central Russia Stockh率严确经苗帝命毛飞olm in Sweden | |
IX | arctic Karskije Vorot开委故用陆a in Northern Russia Mehamn 明快法事厚in Norway 么拉显均简兵年流钢 Ushuaia in Argentina | |
衡密景触委短务X | mountain areas in other regions N会再uwara Eliya in Ceylon Cedres in Libanon Ollague in Chile |