人类学习的理论

《人类学习的理论》是2004年外语教学与研究出版社出版的一本图书，作者是(加拿大)勒弗朗索瓦(Lefra易助ncois.G.R.)

• 书名 人类学习的理论
• 页数 385页
• 装帧 平装
• 开本 16

图书信息

　　出版社: 外语教学与研究出版社; 第1版 (2004年10月1日)

　　丛书名: 教育学精品原版教材来自系列

　　平装: 385页

　　正文语种: 简体中文, 英语

　　开本: 16

　　ISBN: 7560043682

　　条形码: 9787560043685

　　尺寸: 24.2 x 18.6 x 同汽单周一配引去球法1.6 cm

　　重量: 540 g

作者简介

　　360百科作者:(加拿大)勒弗朗索瓦(Lefrancoi那晶死s.G.R.)

内容简介

　　Updated discussion and evaluation of current theories such as connectionism (neural net modes);Thorough exploration of the development of behavioristi上晶伟游了套征环经言c and cognitive theories;New material on evolut来自ionary psychology and biology，Vygotsky，and theories of memory;Helpful，clearly labeled appraisal sections following each major theory;A story that opens each chapter plus objective;ommentary throughout by the Old Man to focus your attention，maintain your interest，and enrich your understanding of each theory.强力推荐:Theories of Human Learning: What the Old Woman Said 英文原版火热发售

目录

　　Read This First

　　导读

　　Part One

　　The First Words: Science and Theory

　　Chapter 1 Human Learning: Science and Theory

　　This Ch培岁万官刘损子因apter

　　Objectiv该战如章问在养es

　　Psych360百科ology and Learning

　　Learning

　　Performance Versus Learning

　　Theory

　　Theories, Principles, Laws, and Beliefs

　　Purposes ofTheories

　　Characteristics of Good Theories

　　Science and the Development of Psychological Theories

　　What Is Science?

　　Rules of the Scientific Method

　　Experiments

　　Thinking Critically About Psychological Researc把始示二煤h

　　Human and Nonhuman Subject有贵亲安九按右s

　　Ethics of Animal Research

　　Humans as Subjects

　　Learning Theory: A Brief Overview

　　Recent Origins of Learning Theory

　　Preview of the Text

　　Summary

　　Mos眼胡甚要始送内混tly Behavioristic Theories

　　Chapter 2 Pavlov, Watson, and Guthrie:Early Behaviorism

　　This Chapter

　　Object沉集督节卷死ives

　　The Beginning of Scientific Psychology

　　Early Psychophysics

　　Ivan P. Pavlov (1849-1936)

　　Classical Conditioning

　　Explanations for Stimulus-Response Assoc久杀iations

　　Variations in Contiguity

　　Acquisition, Extinction, and Recovery

　　Pavlo款客啊吸红v's Classical Condit轻液华春曲运白影必ioning: An Appraisal

　　John B. Watson (1878-1958)

　　Behaviorism

　　A Classical Conditioning Explanation of Learning

　　Emotional Learning

　　Transfer

　　Watson 's 厚牛婷你左底青推Environme刻始沙ntalism

　　Higher Learning

　　Applying Watson's Psychology

　　Watson's Behaviorism: An Apprai批香业小价身sal

　　Edwin Guthrie (1886-1959风土从达)

　　Guthrie's Law of One-Shot Learning

　　Practice

城无设乎陆　　Movement Produced Stimuli (MPS)

　　Habits

　　Forgetting

　　Reward and Punishment

　　Practical Applications of Guthrie's Theory

　　Breaking Habits

　　Guthri究奏当武肉作白持买列e's One-Shot Lea还第rning: An Appraisal

　　Early Behavioristic Theories: Evaluation

　　Summary

　　Chapter 3 Thorndike and H胡油只酒石世审卷临兴沉ull:The Effects of Behavior

　　This Chapter

　　Objectives

　　Edward L. Thorndike (1874-1949)

　　Animal lntelligence

　　Contiguity or Reinforcement

　　Thorndike 's Pre-19 3 0s Theory

　　Subsidiary Laws

　　Thorndike 's Post-1930 Theory

　　Thorndike's Connectionism: An Appraisal

　　Clark L. Hull (1884-1952)

　　Hull's System: An Overview

　　Main Components of Hulrs System

　　Graphic Summary of Hulrs System

　　Input Variables: Predictors

　　Intervening Variables

　　Output Variables: The Predicted

　　Fractional Antedating Goal Reactions

　　Habit-Family Hierarchies

　　Hull's Formal Behaviorism: An Appraisal

　　Summary

　　Chapter 4 Skinner's Radical Behaviorism:Operant Conditioning

　　This Chapter

　　Objectives

　　Is Skinner's Radical Behaviorism Antitheoretical?

　　Overview of Skinner's Radical Behaviorism

　　Reinforcement

　　Types of Reinforcement

　　Punishment

　　Illustrations of Reinforcement and Punishment

　　Sources of Reinforcement

　　Schedules of Reinforcement

　　Continuous or Intermittent Reinforcement

　　Effects of Reinforcement Schedules

　　Schedules of Reinforcement in Everyday Life

　　Shaping

　　Chaining

　　Shaping and People

　　Fading, Generalization, and Discrimination

　　Illustration 1: Pigeons Reading

　　Illustration 2: Quail Loving

　　Relevance to Human Learning

　　The Science Applied to Humans

　　Control Through Positive Contingencies

　　Control Through Negative Contingencies

　　Imitation and Operant Conditioning

　　Sources of Reinforcement in Imitation

　　Three Effects of Models

　　Behavior Management

　　Positive Reinforcement and Punisbment

　　Counterconditioning

　　Extinction

　　Imitation

　　Skinner's Position: An Appraisal

　　Contributions

　　Evaluation as a Theory

　　Some Philosophical Objections

　　Summary

　　Chapter 5 Learning and Biology:Evolutionary Psychology

　　This Chapter

　　Objectives

　　Learning Taste Aversions

　　Conditioning Explanations of Taste Aversion

　　The Phenomenon of Blocking

　　Evolutionary Psychology

　　Autoshaping

　　Instinctive Drift

　　Biological Constraints in Evolutionary Psychology

　　Sociobiology: A Branch of Evolutionary Psychology

　　Inclusive Fitness and Altruism

　　Criticisms of Sociobiology

　　Evolutionary Psychology: An Appraisal

　　Biofeedback: A Practical Application of Conditioning Theories

　　Operant Conditioning and Autonomic Responses

　　How Biofeedback Works

　　The Beginning of a Transition

　　Summary

　　The Beginnings of Modern Cognitivism

　　Chapter 6 Hebb, Tolman, and the Gestaltists:Toward Modern Cognitivism

　　This Chapter

　　Objectives

　　Hebb's Theory: A Look at Higher Mental Processes

　　Higher Mental Processes

　　The Neurological Basis of Learning

　　Components and Functioning of the Central Nervous System

　　Possible Neurological Changes Underlying Learning

　　Hebb 's Neurophysiological Assumptions

　　Reactivity and Plasticity

　　Mediating Processes: Hypotheses and Assumptions

　　Hebb's View of Learning and Thinking

　　Set and Attention

　　Hebb 's Theory: An Appraisal

　　From Behaviorism to Cognitivism

　　Mechanistic Behaviorism

　　Tolman's Purposive Behaviorism

　　Do Rats Have Purpose?

　　Four Summary Principles

　　Tolman 's Purposive Behaviorism: An Appraisal

　　Basic Beliefs of Gestalt Psychology

　　Insight Versus Trial and Error

　　The Whole Is Greater Than the Sum of lts Parts

　　Gestalt Theory: The Laws of Perception

　　Gestalt Views of Learning and Memory

　　Beyond Perception: The Psychological Field