约翰·博因顿·普里斯特利

英国作家、剧作家，出版小说27部，以《好伴旅》最富盛名，1931年与诺布洛克合作将其改编成受单格余操太取同名剧本，后又拍成影片，并于1974年改编为音乐剧，于是成为当时最有吸引力的剧作家之一。戏剧如《巡查员来电》也颇有影响。写作体裁多样，含社会评论。他的剧作主要描写约克郡四冷应改件品考人们的生活和向往，以刻画人物见长。

• 中文名称 约翰·博因顿·普里斯特利
• 外文名称 John Boynton Priestley
• 国籍 英国
• 出生日期 1894年
• 逝世日期 1984年

简介

　　约翰·博因顿·普里斯特利 英国小说家、批评家、戏来自剧家。1894年9月13日生于约克郡布雷德福德的教师家庭。1914至1919年间在陆军中服役。后就学于剑桥，在英国文学、现代史及政治学方面成绩360百科优异。

　　1922年定居伦敦，为《星期六评论》等杂志写评论。早期著作主要是文学传记和评论集。代表作有《乔治·梅瑞狄斯》零等面少这(1926)、《托马斯·皮科克》(1927)、《英国喜剧角色》(1925)、《英国小说》(1927)等。

　　1历言存农双原等去停929年出版代表作流浪汉小说《好伙伴》，1930年出版现实主义小说《天使人行道》。其后又出版《英国旅行记》(1934)、《沙漠午夜》(193宣适英讨货端你北永7)及续集《雨落神山束右王娘工仍》(1939)等书，描述个人经历，对社会进行批评，深切同情失业群众悲惨的境遇。

　　1932年开始写作剧本,除般鸡故士价载国记批评英国中产阶级，主要剧本有《危险的角落》(1932)、《我曾来过这里酸论唱》(1937)、《巡官登门》(1946)、《明天到家》(1949)、《玻璃笼子》(1957)等。他还自己经营剧团，曾在伦敦两个剧院任导演。普里斯特利后期的文学批评和文学史季著作以《文学和西方人》(1960)为代表。晚年研究英国社会史，代表作有《维多利亚的全盛期》(1972)、《英国人》(1973)等。卒于1984年8月14日。

评论

　　约翰·波因剧地顿·普里斯特利对中国某些读者可义力高陈开扩要能并不是一个陌生的名字，因为在现代英国文学的许多选本他们常发现少不了他的作品，无论是小说，戏剧，散文，都有他的代表作入选，这说明他名气很大，多才而且多产。作品也受到读者欢迎。普里斯特利对社会问题一友乐纪全直是关心的，这贯穿了他的写作生涯，社会批评在他的文学创作中有十分重要的地位。普里斯特利纯粹谈风花雪月、鸟兽虫鱼的小品是很少的，吸引他的注意力的多半是衣食住行之类的生活俗务。就普里斯特利整个创作的散文部分而言，他的题刻材宽广，文笔幽默隽永，富有个性，但就思想深度官缩念马食硫位读判十意来看，若和十九世纪的威案操受时派早普散文大师如卡莱尔、罗斯金、阿诺德比较，他又缺乏系统哲学修养，不能达到他们的那处博大精深，还称上一个思想满鲁茶铁调款家，他的多产也使他写得匆忙，有同露的篇章难免草率粗德井游入房划糙，他堪称一位优秀的职料轮零散文作家，但还达不到大师的地位。

Ear世车父专斗端作际ly Years

　　Priestley was born at 34 Manningham Road,Heaton,应陈传达评声which he described as an "ult来自ra-respec360百科table" subu哥纸普东肉号种会刑振言rb of Bradford. His father was a headteacher. His mother died when he was still an infant and his father remarried four years later. Priestley was educated at Belle Vue Grammar School,which he le制垂脚随育ft at sixteen to 输含work as a junior clerk at Helm & C律衣唱念杆敌章洲首的余o.,a wool firm in t效刑便照严动高he Swan Arcade. During his years at Helm & Co. (1910–1914)，he started writing at night and had artic搞器法机les published in local and London newspapers. He was to draw on memories of Bradford in many of the works he wrote after he had moved south,including Bright Day and Whe言同亚际研n We Are Married最及按石由. As an old 对明加该坚强质板man he deplored the destruction by developers of Victorian buildings in Bradford such as the Swan Arcade,where he had his first jo超宗兰方讨丰村钟永云协b.

　　Priestley served during the First Wor特灯ld War in the 10花击盐断福战前另倍持th Battalion,the 架消早种祖啊眼Duke of Wellington's 武松纸攻坐是哪便开鸡Regiment. He was wounded in 1916 by mortar fire. In his autobiography,Margin Released he is fiercely critical of the British Army and in particular of the 哥仅它officer class后久将哥乡朝倒.

　　After his military service Priestley received a university education at Trinity Hall,Cambridge. By the age of 30 he had established a reputation as a humorous writer and critic. His novel Benighted (1927) was adapted into the James Whale film The Old Dark House (1932); the novel has been published under the film's name in the United States.

Career

　　Priestley's first major success came with a novel,The Good Companions (1929)，which earned him the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction and made him a national figure. His next novel,Angel Pavement (1930) further established him as a successful novelist. However,some critics were less than complimentary about his work,and Priestley began legal action against Graham Greene for what he took to be a defamatory portrait of him in the novel Stamboul Train (1932).

　　In 1934 he published the travelogue English Journey,which is an account of what he saw and heard while travelling through the country in the autumn of the previous year.

　　He moved into a new genre and became equally well known as a dramatist. Dangerous Corner was the first of a series of plays that enthralled West End theatre audiences. His best-known play is An Inspector Calls (1945)，later made into a film starring Alastair Sim released in 1954. His plays are more varied in tone than the novels,several being influenced by J. W. Dunne's theory of time,which plays a part in the plots of Dangerous Corner (1932) and Time and the Conways (1937).

　　Many of his works have a socialist aspect. For example,An Inspector Calls,as well as being a "Time Play",contains many references to socialism - the inspector was arguably an alter ego through which Priestley could express his views.

　　During World War Ⅱ,he was a regular broadcaster on the BBC. The Postscript,broadcast on Sunday night through 1940 and again in 1941,drew peak audiences of 16 million; only Churchill was more popular with listeners. But his talks were cancelled. It was thought that this was the effect of complaints from Churchill that they were too left-wing; however,Priestley's son has recently revealed in a talk on the latest book being published about his father's life that it was in fact Churchill's Cabinet that brought about the cancellation by supplying negative reports on the broadcasts to Churchill.

　　Priestley chaired the 1941 Committee,and in 1942 he was a co-founder of the socialist Common Wealth Party. The political content of his broadcasts and his hopes of a new and different England after the war influenced the politics of the period and helped the Labour Party gain its landslide victory in the 1945 general election. Priestley himself,however,was distrustful of the state and dogma.

　　Priestley's name was on Orwell's list,a list of people which George Orwell prepared in March 1949 for the Information Research Department,a propaganda unit set up at the Foreign Office by the Labour government. Orwell considered these people to have pro-communist leanings and therefore to be inappropriate to write for the IRD.

　　He was a founding member of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament in 1958.

　　Although Priestley never wrote a formal book of memoirs,his literary reminiscences,Margin Released (1962)，provide valuable insights into his work. The section dealing with his job as a teenage clerk in a Bradford wool-sorter's office manages to weave fine literature from an outwardly unpromising subject – a characteristic of many of his novels.

　　His interest in the problem of time led him to publish an extended essay in 1964 under the title of Man and Time (Aldus published this as a companion to Carl Jung's Man and His Symbols). In this book he explored in depth various theories and beliefs about time as well as his own research and unique conclusions,including an analysis of the phenomenon of precognitive dreaming,based in part on a broad sampling of experiences gathered from the British public,who responded enthusiastically to a televised appeal he made while being interviewed in 1963 on the BBC programme,Monitor. Priestley managed the treatment of this potentially esoteric subject matter with warmth and competence.

　　Priestley was one of the interviewees for the documentary series The World at War (1973)，in the episode "Alone: May 1940 – May 1941". He declined lesser honours before accepting the Order of Merit in 1977.

　　The University of Bradford awarded Priestley the title of honorary Doctor of Letters in 1970,and he was awarded the Freedom of the City of Bradford in 1973. His connections with the city were also marked by the naming of the J. B. Priestley Library at the University of Bradford,which he officially opened in 1975,[7] and by the larger-than-life statue of him,commissioned by the Bradford City Council after his death,which now stands in front of the National Media Museum.[8]

　　A special collector's edition of Bright Day was re-issued by Great Northern Books in 2006,celebrating the 60th anniversary of the publication of this novel.

Personal life

　　Priestley had a deep love of classical music,and in 1941 he played an important part in organising and supporting a fund-raising campaign on behalf of the London Philharmonic Orchestra,which was struggling to establish itself as a self-governing body after the withdrawal of Sir Thomas Beecham. In 1949 the opera The Olympians by Arthur Bliss,to a libretto by Priestley,was premiered.

　　He married three times. In 1921 he married Emily "Pat" Tempest,a music-loving Bradford librarian. Two daughters were born in 1923 and 1924,but in 1925 his wife died of cancer. In September 1926,he married Jane Wyndham-Lewis (ex-wife of the original 'Beachcomber' D. B. Wyndham-Lewis,no relation to the artist Wyndham Lewis); they had two daughters and one son. In 1953,he divorced his second wife and married the archaeologist and writer Jacquetta Hawkes,his collaborator on the play Dragon's Mouth.

Bibliography

Novels

　　Adam in Moonshine (1927)Benighted (1928) The Good Companions (1929) Angel Pavement (1930) Faraway (1932) Wonder Hero (1933) They Walk in the City (1936) The Doomsday Men (1937) Let the People Sing (1939) Blackout in Gretley (1942) Daylight on Saturday (1943) Three Men in New Suits (1945) Bright Day (1946) Jenny Villiers (1947) Festival at Farbridge (1951) Low Notes on a High Level (1954) The Magicians (1954) Saturn over the Water (1961) The Thirty-First of June (1961) Salt Is Leaving (1961) The Shapes of Sleep (1962) Sir Michael and Sir George (1964) Lost Empires (1965) It's an Old Country (1967) The Image Men Vol. 1: Out of Town (1968) The Image Men Vol. 2: London End (1968) Found Lost Found (1976) Paperback; ISBN 0-7493-2281-0 /ISBN 978-0-7493-2281-6 (UK edition); Publisher: Mandarin

　　- 31 June (1978) (TV) Russian film; aka 31 июня

Other fiction

　　●Farthing Hall (1929) (Novel written in collaboration with Hugh Walpole)

　　●The Town Mayor of Miraucourt (1930) (Short story published in a limited edition of 525 copies)

　　●I'll Tell You Everything (1932) (Novel written in collaboration with Gerald Bullett)

　　●Albert Goes Through (1933) (Novelette)

　　●The Other Place (1952) (Short Stories)

　　●Snoggle (1971) (Novel for children)

　　●The Carfitt Crisis (1975) (Short stories)

Selected plays

　　Dangerous Corner (1932)

　　Laburnum Grove (1933)

　　Eden End (1934)

　　Time and the Conways (1937)

　　I Have Been Here Before (1937)

　　When We Are Married (1938)

　　Johnson Over Jordan (1939)

　　They Came to a City (1943)

　　An Inspector Calls (1945)

　　The Linden Tree (1947)

　　Last Holiday (1950,wrote story,screenplay and produced the film)

　　His play The Thirty-first of June was first produced in Toronto in 1957.

　　The Thirty-first of June: A Tale of True Love,Enterprise and Progress in the Arthurian and AD-Atomic Ages - Novel. December 1961: Hardback; ISBN 0-434-60326-0 /ISBN 978-0-434-60326-8 (UK edition); Publisher: William Heinemann Ltd - BBC radio dramatization; one and a half hours - Novel. 1996 : Paperback; ISBN 0-7493-2281-0 /ISBN 978-0-7493-2281-6 (UK edition); Publisher: Mandarin - 31 June (1978) (TV) Russian film; aka 31 июня

主要作品

参演电影

上映时间	剧名	扮演角色	导演	合作演员
1960	On Trial	----	-	-

幕后作品

时间	作品	备注
2015年	罪恶之家	原作编剧
2015年	神探驾到	原作编剧
2006年	最后的假期	原作编剧
2000年	Yo estuve aquí antes	原作编剧
1996年	Au théâtre ce soir	原作编剧
1994年	A Summer Day's Dream	原作编剧
1992年	Performance	原作编剧
1991年	Prizraki zelyonoy komnaty	原作编剧
1986年	失落的帝国	原作编剧
1985年	时间和康威定律	原作编剧
1984年	Vremya i semya Konvey	编剧
1983年	月度佳剧 第十六季	编剧
1982年	探长来访	编剧
1980年	Скандальное происшествие в Брикмилле	编剧
1980年	The Good Companions	编剧
1978年	6月31日	编剧
1975年	Shadows	编剧
1971年	现实生活的另一面	编剧
1969年	ITV周六夜间剧场	编剧
1968年	A Touch of Venus	编剧
1965年	Out of the Unknown	编剧
1965年	月度佳剧 第一季	编剧
1965年	Onkel Phils Nachlaß	编剧
1964年	周三剧场	编剧
1964年	探长来访	编剧
1964年	Thursday Theatre	编剧
1964年	Estudio 1	编剧
1963年	新鬼屋魅影	编剧
1960年	BBC Sunday-Night Play	编剧
1959年	星期一的早晨	编剧
1958年	伊甸园的终结	编剧
1958年	Die Conways und die Zeit	编剧
1956年	Armchair Theatre	编剧
1955年	ITV剧场 第一季	编剧
1955年	Matinee Theatre	编剧
1955年	You Know What People Are	编剧
1955年	ITV Television Playhouse	编剧
1954年	探长来访	编剧
1953年	美利坚的冷酷时刻	编剧
1952年	TV de Vanguarda	编剧
1950年	罗伯特·蒙哥马利引见	编剧
1950年	BBC周日晚间剧场	编剧
1950年	最后的假期	制片人、编剧
1948年	福特剧场时间	编剧
1948年	第一演播室	编剧
1948年	飞歌电视剧场	编剧
1946年	Dangerous Corner	编剧
1944年	他们进城了	编剧
1943年	When We Are Married	编剧
1942年	领班去法国	编剧
1942年	Let the People Sing	编剧
1939年	牙买加旅店	编剧
1938年	Cornelius	编剧
1936年	公主驾到	编剧
1936年	Laburnum Grove	编剧
1935年	仰面大笑	编剧
1934年	Sing As We Go	编剧
1933年	The Good Companions	编剧
1932年	古屋失魂	编剧

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